Radiator



Spf- 2,' 1930. J. KARMAzlN 1,775,041

RADIATOR Filed Feb. 2l, 1925 I5 Sheets-Sheet l Sept 2, 1930. J. KARMAZIN 1,775,041

RADIATOR Filed Feb. 21, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Sept. 2, 1930; J. KARMAZIN RADIATOR Filed Feb. 2l, 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Sept. 2, 1930 JOHN KARMAZIN, F

PATENT "OFFICE,

DETROIT, MICHIGAN' RADIATOR Application led February 21,A 1925. Serial No. 10,745.

This invention relates to an improvement in radiators for motor Vehicles and other purposes, and more particularly to radiators of the fin and tube type in which the tubes may ple either integral with, or separate from, the

In the ordinary type of internal combustion engine radiator providing a series of spaced conduits through which the water may .lo flow in one direction while the air flows in another direction between and around the water conduits, the airfis permitted to flow, except for the obstruction in its path, in substantially straight lines through the radiator, so that relatively speaking, the streams of air flowing through the openings in the radiator contact only, at their outer edges with the tins .of the radiator and with the -walls of the water'tubes, and only the'outer 52o edges of the streams of air flowing through the holesin the radiator are heated by the heat from the water tubes while the inside or central portions of the streams of air are not heated at all. lnv other words, the air flowing through the ordinary radiator in substantially straight lines, except for immaterial deflections as it goesaround the walls of the water tubes, is not caused to circulate. and to swirl and move the various portions of the air stream insweeping contact along the metallic portions of the radiator, to withdraw a great amount of heat therefrom.

It is an object of this invention to provide a radiator which can be cheaply constructed but which will cause vortex and swirlingcurrents in the air streams as they pass through s the radiator, to cause all Vportions of the air stream to come in contact with the heated walls of the water tubes and the fins so as to withdraw a greater amount of heat from the radiator. Another object of the invention is to provide a radiator which will accomplish the above result but which will at the same time otter a path of minimum resistance to the iiow of'air through the radiator.

Another object of the invention is to rovide a radiator of the type described, in w zich the air currents flowing through the same will be curved and' deflected, and contracted and expanded, so as to cause a churning and 'whirling' of the air currents to bring all portions of the air streams into contact with the radiating surfaces.

Another object of the invention is to provide a radiator of the type'described, in which the air currents will be caused to press against the walls of the water tubes rather than to merely flow past the walls, as in the ordinary radiator construction.

Another object of the invention is to provide a radiator of the type described, in which the air currents will be deflected inl curved planes, preferably of changing directions in their passage through the radiator, and will be discharged in the direction of rotation of the cooling fan at the rear of the radiator so as to decrease the resistance to thefan and to the flow of air through the radiator.

Another object of the invention is to provide a radiator which will break up and divide the air streams flowing therethrough and provide a metallic conduit between the water tube walls and the otherwise center of the air streams to promote the cooling elriciency of the radiator.

Various other and incidental objects relating to the general purposes outlined above will appear as the description of the invention proceeds.l

Referring now to the drawings, which illustrate several possible forms of embodiment o the invention,-

Fig. 1 is a plan view of one form of radiator element;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view through a portion of the radiator formed by the elements of .Fie- 1; r 1

may be applied to radiators having sep-'-` arate fins vand tubes; Y

Figs. 8 and 9 are respectively plan and vperspective views of another form of embodiment of the invention;

Figs. 10 and 11 are plan and perspective views, respectively, of still another form of embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 12 is' a plan view, and Fig. 13 is a perspective view, of a radiator fin provided with defiecting plates which cause a vortex ot air currents around the cooling tubes;

Figs. 14 and 115, 16 and 17, and 18 and 19, are, respectively, plan and perspective views of still other forms of embodiment ofy the invention. Y

1n the' form ofembodiment of the invention illustrated in Fig. l, the radiator is formed of a plurality of fin members 1, preferably of thin sheets of metal, which have formed integrall therewith, a plurality of tapered tubular projections 2, so arranged, that the bottom of the projections 2 of one fin will telescope into the top of the projections 2 of' the adjacent iin, to form water conduits through the radiator from the upper to the lower header, as illustrated in Fig. 2. The tubular projections 2 are lgiven an arcuate or curved shape, as is clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 3, and a number of projections 3 are fstruck out from the material of the fin 1 and project from the fin in the same direction as the tubes 2, the projections 3 being also given an arcuate shape, as illustrated.

The rear 2a ofthe tubes '2, and the rear 3 of the projections 3, are preferably spaced nearer together than the front portions of the tubes and projections, so that the current ofl Y air entering from the front between the tubes 2 and projections 3v will be compressed or drawn together in its passage between these members and discharged at\a higher velocity at the rear of the tube. The air also entering the radiator in straight lines, strikes'the wallsof thetube 2,'and is given a rotating or whirling motion, as illustrated by the arrows in, Fig. 1, s`o as tobring various portions of` thestreafn of air into eontactwith the walls -pas's lnto t these :currents through the next course of tubes, lsuch as illustrated in Fig. 16, the porj tions in the center of the whirls are brought outward and into contact with the water tubes of the second `row to withdraw more heat from the radiator.

Fig. 4 illustrates how the invention may be applied to radiators having separate fins 4 and tubes 5, with projections 6 struck up and bent outwardly from the material of the fin. The tubes 5 are preferably of a flattened con-v tour and are given an arcuate or turbine blade shape, as in the preceding gure, so as to cause the air to contactwith the inner portion of the arc of the tubes in its passage through the radiator and the rear 6a of the projections 6 and 5E of the tubes 5 are brought nearer together, as'illustrated in Fig. 1, to

cause a Venturimotion or compression of the y Fig. 5 shows a iin 9, provided with a plurality of integral round, tubular projections vl() extending therefrom, with the bottoms of the projections 10 of one fin extendin into ,the top of the projection 10 of the adjacent iin to form water conduits through the core, as illustrated in Fig. 6. Thebottoms of the projections 10 may be provided with a` plurality of baiiies 10a integral with the Walls thereof and extending into the center of the water streams to break up thel same and conduct the heat of said centers to the walls of the tubes, as described in my co-pending application, Patent No. 1,591,323, granted July 6, 1926. These bailes may, of course, be provided in the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Fig. 1 or in any of the embodiments herein described.

lA lurality of arcuate projections 11 are struc outafrom the ns 9 and are curved as illustrated inl Fig. 5 to give a whirling and j turbine-vane motion to the air currents passing through the radiator, so as to bring vari-` ous portions of the streams of air into contact with the walls ofy the tube 10 and with the walls of the fin 9. The rear portion 11ii of ',-the front projection' 11 and the front portion 11b of the rear projection 11 may be slightly oi'set so-that a portion of the air which passes along the front of the front fin 11 may be deof the tubes 2. The drawing together of the air stream near the rear of the projections, causesv the whirlinfgccurrents to be broken upto a certain extent, so thatl in the passage ofV iected to pass along the rear of theback iin 11, where a portion of it may escape through the openinglll, which is left in the n 9, and

e chamber between the next ad- 'acent lins. Fig.` 7 illustrates how this emodiment of the invention may be applied to a separate iin and tube type radiator by using a plurality of round tubes 12 which pass through holes 12a in the iin 13, the fin being provided withv a series of projections 14, struck out therefrom and arranged as illustrated in Fig. 5, so as to deflect the air currents and causethem to sweep around and in contact with the walls of the tubes 12 of the exposed surfaces of the fin 13 and tions 14.

Figs. 8 and 9 illustrate another embodiment of the invention in which the' fins 15 may be either provided with rows of integral tubular projections 16' or provided with holes 17 to accommodate the separate round tubes 18. The projections 19, are struck out from the material of the fin 15 and the projections projec- 19 and projections 19l are-staggered with re-v lation to the fins, as illustrated, to provide a slightly different path of circulation for the air and to cut up and divide the air currents to a greater extent. rlhe stream of air 'entering and flowing along the front edge of. the

projection 19 is split up or divided by the projection 19a, as indicated by the arrows b, to cause a greater amount of circulation.

Figs. 10 and 11 illustrate in plan and perspective a different style of projection in which each of the tubes is partially surrounded with a projection 20 struck out from the 'ns 21 and being approximately on the same axis as the nearest tube, the front projections 20 being at one side of the opening 21a, formed in the fin, and the middle projections .20a being on the other sidel of said opening, while the rearward row of projections 2Gb is on the same side of the opening as the projections'20, thereby giving a serpentine or circuitous path to the air current flowing through the radiator.-

ln this, as in the other embodiments, it is to be notedfthat'the air entering the radiator at substantially'right angles to the same, does not sweep through the radiator in straight lines, but is caused to press against the inner curved walls of the tubes and projections, is compressed and expanded by the arrangement of the tubes and projections, and the streams of air are bent, split, broken and caused to swirl and brush along the heated walls of the tubes and tins to abstract a maximum amount of heat therefrom.

Figs. 12 and 13 illustrate a form of the invention similar to that of Figs. 5.and 7 in which the projections 26 on the lins 27 are located at the opposite sides of the openings 27, ormed'in th'e fin elements so as to cause a greater portion of the air to pass through these openings and to the space between the next adjacent upper or lower fins. The openings 28 may be formed as integral tubular projections orto accommodate separate round tubes 'upon which the fins may vbe pressed. y

Figs. 14 and 15 illustrate an embodiment of the invention similar to Figs. 10 and 11, with the projection 33, however, located in reverse position from the openings 33 in the fins 34-to that shown in Figs. 10 and 11, so as to cause a portion of the air which lilows around the tube 34 to deflect to the tube 34? and a portion to the tube 34", instead of flowing in merely serpentine lines through the radiator. j

Figs.' 16 and 17 show the projection" 35 located in a different relation to the tubes 36 and the iin 37, with'the projection 35 on one side of its opening 37a and the projection 35 on the opposite side of its opening 37a.

Figs. 18 and 19 illustrate the projections 38as extending substantially from the front to the back of the radiator iin 39 and being parallel and on opposite sides of the rows of tubes 40 and followingv the rows of said tubes so as to cause the air currents to iiow in parallel paths along andv around the tubes from front to back of the radiator.'

.less otherwise limited, are intended to cover radiators in which 'the ins and tubes are either integral or separate.

l claim: j

1. 1n a iin and tube type radiator, a plurality of telescoped tubular projections for conducting water through the radiator, a plurality of fins integral with said tubesand d1- viding the air which Hows 'between said tubes into a plurality of streams, and means lintegral with said iins, projecting in to .the spaces between said tubes for dividing the a1r vstreams flowing therethrough.

2. In a iin and tube type radiator, a plurality of rows of tubes extending from end to end of the radiatorl for conducting water through the radiator, a plurality of fins integral with said tubes and dividing the air which Hows between said tubes into a pluf said air conduits and to conduct heat from Y air streams flowing through the radiator to be broken up and deflected into Contact with the walls of said water tubes.`

4. In a radiator, the combination with a plurality'o elongated tubes curved in a plane perpendicular to the length to afford a restricted flow of cooling fluid between ad heat from thJ center thereof to the walls of the water conduits, and projecting means extending transversely of the air conduits to break up the streams of air flowing through said air conduits and to conduct heat fromk the walls of the air conduits to the center of the air stream. A

v7. An automobile radiator, having intel gral means forming a plurality of water conduits and a plurality of air conduits, means to break up the stream of water flowing through the water conduits and to conduct heat from the centerthereof to the walls of 'the water conduits, and projecting means eX- tending transversely of the air conduits to break up the streams of air flowing through the walls o'f the air conduits to the center of the air stream, said means in the water conduits and the air conduits beingy integral with the walls of said conduits,

8. In an automobile radiator, a plurality of' rows of arcuate shaped water tubes .extending through the radiator from the upper to the lower header, a plurality of fins integral with said tubes and extending at right angles across the line of tubes, and arcshaped means integralwith the fins 'project- 1ng 1nto the spaces formed between the tubes ,and fins to deflect air flowing between said tubes.

9.- In an automobile radiator, a plurality of rows of arcuate shaped water tubes extending through the radiator from the upper to the lower head, a plurality of ins integral with said tubes and extending at right angles across the line of tubes, vand `arc-shaped means' inte ral with the fins projecting into the spaces orming within the tubes and the fins, said means and tubes converging towards each other.

y10. In anl automobile radiator of the class described, a plurality of rows of water conduits extending directly through the radiator from the upper to the lower header and means extending transverse to said water, conduits, adapted to break up the air flowing through the radiator and to remove the heat from said waterconduits including a plurality of fin elements surrounding and in heat conductive contact with said'water conduits and a plurality of projecting means integral with said fins and at right angles thereto extending above said fins and arcuately curved to direct the air against said tubes to increase the cooling efliciency of said radiator.

l1. In an automobile radiator of the class described a plurality of rows of water conduits extending directly through the radiator from the upper to the lower header, fin elements extending transverse to said water conduits adapted to break up the air flowing through the radiator and to remove the heat .from said water. conduits, said lin elements` surrounding and being in Wheatconductive contact with said water conduits and a plurality of curved staggered projecting fins integral with said fin elements and extending above' said finelements between said water conduits to direct the air against said tubes to increase the cooling eiliciency of said radiator.

12. A radiator of the class described having integral means forming a plurality of liquid conduits and a plurality of air conduits, transverse bars in said liquidconduits.

adapted to break up the streams of liquid flowino therethrough and to conduct heat from the center of said liquid conduits to the walls thereof, and a plurality of projecting vanes integral with said air conduits to break up the streams of air flowing therethrough and to conduct heat from the walls of said air conduits to the center olf-the air stream, said vanes being mounted in staggered relation'.

13. In an automobile radiator of the class described a plurality of water tubes extending directly through the radiator from the upper to the lower header, transverse nsl to space said water conduits and adapted to break up the air flowing through the radiator and to remove the heat from said-water conduits, said fin elements being in heat conductive contact with said water conduits, a

`vplurality of upstanding curved vanes projecting-from said fin elements mounted in vstaggered relation between said water conduits and adapted to give the air through said'radiator a circuitous ath.

.In testimony whereof have allixed m signature to this specification. A

- JOHN KARMAZIN. 

